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As early as the 20 th century, it has been observed that radiotherapy (RT), as a local therapy, can activate the adaptive immune system, resulting in spontaneous regression of tumors out of the radiation field, which is known as "abscopal effect". Although the occurrence of abscopal effect is still rare, with the gradual increase in the application of immunotherapy, more and more clinical cases of abscopal effect have been reported. Increasing attention has been paid to the therapeutic potential of RT in inducing systemic anti-tumor response. Especially, the combination of RT and immunotherapy enhances the research value of abscopal effect. However, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and the optimal timing, dose and fractionation of RT are also under study. How to classify the beneficiary groups is also a key issue. In this article, the history of abscopal effect, and the role of RT and immunotherapy in this phenomenon were briefly introduced, and the existing controversies in clinical application were illustrated, aiming to clarify the direction of current research and development and open a new chapter for tumor treatment in a short period of time.
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Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are classified as persistent organic pollutants and have been widely detected in human. Studies investigating the associations between PFASs exposure and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) yielded inconsistent results, and little is known about the effects of PFASs on eGFR in population without kidney disease. Objective To explore the associations of exposure to PFASs with eGFR and renal dysfunction in population without kidney disease. Methods A total of 609 participants with an eGFR > 60 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 and without renal impairment matched for sex and age (1∶1) were recruited from endocrinology department and medical examination center of two hospitals in Tianjin, China, from April 2021 to March 2022. Each subject was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information about sex, age, height, weight, disease history, smoking, alcohol intake, etc. Clinical parameters were obtained from medical record, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine (Cre), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by professionals using standard methods. The serum concentrations of PFASs were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of PFASs exposure with eGFR and renal dysfunction, respectively. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were also performed to assess the modified effects of covariates on the associations of PFASs exposure with eGFR. Results There were 283 males, accounting for 46.5% of the total population. The mean age of the participants was (56.86±12.47) years, and the average body mass index (BMI) was (25.59±3.84) kg·m−2. Perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFUnDA), sodium 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (6:2 FTS), and perfluoropentane sulfonic acid (PFPeS) were positive in more than 75% of serum samples, and the corresponding median concentrations were 9.50, 1.67, 17.22, 1.86, 1.41, 0.78, 0.42, and 0.43 μg·L−1, respectively. After full adjustments of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, TC, TG, smoking, and drinking, the linear regression models showed that log2-transformed PFHxS concentration was negatively associated with eGFR (b=−1.160, 95%CI: −2.280, −0.410). Compared with the lowest exposure tertile, the estimated change of eGFR in the highest tertile for PFHxS was significantly decreased (b=−2.471, 95%CI: −4.574, −0.368). Furthermore, compared with males, the negative association of PFHxS with eGFR was strengthened among females (female: b=−1.281, 95%CI: −2.388, −0.174; male: b=−0.781, 95%CI: −2.823, 1.261, Pinteraction=0.043). Conclusion A significant negative association between serum PFHxS and eGFR is observed in the sampled population without kidney disease, and females are more susceptible to PFASs exposure than the males.
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Dendritic cells are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells in the human body, which are involved in the occurrence and development of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, myasthenia gravis and other neuroimmune conditions. Recently, tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are gradually becoming the research focus and therapeutic target of neuroimmune conditions. They can reconstruct the balance of T cells by inducing effector T cell anergy/deletion, and producing antigen-specific regulatory T cells, ultimately achieving the goal of maintaining immune tolerance. In this review, the mechanisms that tolDCs reconstruct T cell balance in neuroimmune conditions are analyzed and the research progress related to tolDC therapy is summarized.
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Objective To analyze the effect of dynamic changes of hypertension on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly aged 65 and over. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 419 patients with hypertension without other organic diseases diagnosed in the outpatient department of our hospital from March 2015 to September 2018 were used as the exposure group, and non-hypertensive patients with other diseases in the same period were used as the control group. In December 2020, 269 patients with complete clinical data in the cohort were finally included. The collected information includes gender, age, blood pressure, 24-hour urinary protein and blood creatinine. According to the level of serum creatinine, the glomerular filtration rate of patients was estimated for CKD stage (stage 1-5). According to the level of diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure, patients were divided into mild, moderate and high levels of hypertension. The incidence and outcome of CKD in the two groups were compared. Results After median follow-up of 3.50 years , 53 cases of new CKD patients aged 65 and above were found. The cumulative incidence rate was 19.70%, and the incidence density was 56.71/1 000 years (95% CI: 53.29 - 59.83 ). Cox regression showed that the level of hypertension in the elderly was positively correlated with the risk of CKD (HR > 1); At the same time, the risk of CKD increased with the stage of blood pressure. After stratified by gender, age and other factors, there was still a significant positive correlation between hypertension and chronic kidney disease. In addition, the effect of hypertension on chronic kidney disease in elderly men was significantly higher than that in women. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between the changes of hypertension and the progress of chronic kidney disease in the elderly population, especially men. We should pay attention to the control of blood pressure in the elderly population and delay the progress of CKD.
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Objective:To establish a rapid detection method for human astrovirus based on TaqMan-probe real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Methods:According to the conservative sequence of human astrovirus ORF1 b gene, we designed the amplification primers and specific fluorescent probe to establish the human astrovirus TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR rapid detection method. The specificity, sensitivity and stability of the method were evaluated. We also used this method to detect human astrovirus in clinical samples. Results:The established human astrovirus TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR detection method has good specificity and repeatability for human astrovirus, and the sensitivity can reach 10 2 copies/μl. After testing the clinical samples, the detection rate of human astrovirus by our method was 100%. Conclusions:The human astrovirus TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR detection method established in this study is simple, rapid, sensitive, specific and stable. It can be used for clinical human astrovirus detection and epidemiological investigation.
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【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of multi-disciplinary patient blood management(PBM) on perioperative blood transfusion in patients with cardiothoracic surgery of gradeⅢ~Ⅳ. 【Methods】 The blood transfusion data and relevant clinical information of adult patients underwent grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ cardiothoracic surgeries before and after PBM (from January 2016 to December 2018)in our hospital were collected using Hospital Information System and Management System of Blood Transfusion Department. Patients were grouped according to three separate12-month periods: 933 cases subjected to conventional blood transfusion practice from Jan. to Dec.2016 as the control group, 1 139 cases experienced initial implement PBM(started on Jan.1, 2017)from Jan. to Dec.2017 as the early PBM group, and 1 411 cases received improved PBM from Jan. to Dec.2018 as the improved PBM group. The perioperative autotransfusion rate, allogeneic transfusion rate, length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses of the three groups were compared by χ2 test and variance analysis. 【Results】 The comparison results among control group, early PBM group and improved PBM group were as following: 1) The proportion of patients using iron and EPO to treat preoperative anemia were 15.12%(44/291)vs 19.73%(72/365)vs 26.65%(125/469)(P<0.01) and 10.31%(30/291)vs 12.33%(40/365)vs 15.57%(73/469)(P<0.05), respectively. 2) The incidence of autotransfusion were 57.98%(541/933)vs 44.76%(544/1 139)vs 37.00%(522/1 411)(P<0.01). The allogeneic transfusion volume per capita(U) were 351.91±35.85 vs 392.76±43.33 vs 421.75±73.84(P<0.05). The incidence of allogeneic blood transfusion were 18.11%(169/933)vs 17.56%(200/1 139)vs 13.32%(188/1 411)(P<0.01). The allogeneic blood transfusion volume per capita (U) were 6.56±8.33 vs 5.52±6.28 vs 5.56±6.17(P<0.01). 3) The per capita hospital stay (d) and ICU stay (d) were19.54±16.56 vs 16.46±12.06 vs 15.11±10.18 and 4.45±9.31 vs 3.56±6.93 vs 3.26±5.29(P<0.05), respectively. The per capita hospitalization expenses (ten thousand yuan/person) were 10.76±8.39 vs 9.58±7.58 vs 9.13±5.9(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The application of PBM in perioperative blood transfusionfor adult cardiothoracic surgery Ⅲ ~ Ⅳcan significantly decrease the incidence of autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion, the length of hospitalstay and hospitalization expenses.
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Objective@#To compare the therapeutic effects between the anesthetic and non-anesthetic closed reduction protocols for distal radius fractures based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).@*Methods@#A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 186 patients with distal radius fracture who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the choice by themselves. Of them, 72 (intervention group) underwent the standardized closed reduction under brachial block anesthesia based on the concept of ERAS while the other 114 (control group) conventional closed reduction under no anesthesia. The 2 groups were compared in terms of emergency reduction times, swelling scores, reoperation rate, splint removal time, functional outcomes by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and radiographic outcomes by the Lidström criteria.@*Results@#The patients in both groups were followed up for 6 months. The reduction times were fewer in the intervention group than in the control group (1.1±0.1 versus 1.6±0.1, P<0.05). The reoperation rate was significautly lower in the intervention group than in the control group [2.8%(2/72) versus 12.3%(14/114), P< 0.05]. Reduction deteriorated the swelling condition. Compared with the control group, the swelling was significantly less in the intervention group (2.0±0.1 versus 2.6±0.1, P<0.05). The splint removal time for the intervention group (5.3±0.2 weeks) was significantly shorter than that for the control group (6.9±0.2 weeks) (P<0.05). The intervention group had significantly better PWRE scores than the control group (23.4±1.0 versus 30.3±1.1, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups in the Lidström evaluation (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compared with conventional closed reduction, the closed reduction under anesthesia based on the ERAS concept is an effective method for the emergency treatment of distal radius fracture, because it may minimize the patients’ pain experience, increase the rate of successful reduction, decrease the rate of reoperation, shorten the splint fixation time and gain better functional outcomes.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of three-dimensional digital technology (3D-CTA) in repairing wounds of the limb with anterolateral thigh perforator flap.@*Methods@#From April 2014 to June 2017, 12 patients with extensive skin and soft tissue defects on extremities were selected from the Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang. Twelve patients were performed anterior femoral perforator flaps. There were 9 males and 3 females, aged from 23 to 52 years old, with the mean age of 32 years. The defects were 8 cm×3 cm to 25 cm×9 cm in size, and all of them were accompanied by bone and/or muscle exposure. Preoperative CT scan of the donor site of the free flap used to achieve the three-dimensional images of arterial blood area, in order to determine the origin, direction, classification, length, diameter and the position of pedicle perforator of the anterolateral thigh perforator flap by 3D-CTA.According to the preoperative condition of lateral circumflex femoral artery, the perforator flaps of anterolateral femoral artery on the contralateral or ipsilateral side were designed to repair the wound.@*Results@#Twelve anterolateral thigh perforator flaps have been transferred using above methods. All the flaps survived well and the donor site was directly closed.All patients were followed up for 1-6 months (mean 3 months). The appearance of flaps was satisfactory. The diameter and location of the perforator artery were measured using pre-operative digital angiography, as well as the actual value of perforator artery. Preoperative digital examination was consistent with the type of perforator found during the operation, with an accuracy of 100%.@*Conclusions@#For the soft tissue reconstruction by anterolateral thigh perforator flaps, preoperative digitization technology can identify the diameter, the type and origin of vessels, optimize the operation plan, reduce the difficulty of flap design, and reduce the risk of operation.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical outcome of modified thoracic umbilical flap, spanning chest and abdomen, in repairing large soft-tissue defect of limbs.@*Methods@#From April 2012 to March 2017, 7 patients with large soft-tissue defects of limbs were admitted in the Department of Traumatic Osteopathic, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang. The patients include 5 males and 2 females, aged from 29 to 51 years, with the mean age of 43 years. Four patients had upper limb soft-tissue defect and 3 patients were lower limb. All limbs large soft-tissue defects were treated by ultra-long thoracic umbilical flaps, spanning chest and abdomen. Epigastric artery and intercostal arteries or lateral thoracic artery were included in the flap to provide double blood supply with only one vascular anastomosis.@*Results@#All 7 flaps(30 cm×9 cm-45 cm×13 cm) survived. The followed-up period was 3 months to 1 years. There was no necrosis or infection in tendon and bone observed. The texture of flaps in 5 patients were similar to surrounding skin, or slightly thickened by 2-3 mm. One patient had slightly bloated flap due to obesity, but had no effect on limb function. All patients were satisfied with the outcome.@*Conclusions@#Modified thoracic umbilical flap is an reasonable design for the repairment of large soft-tissue defect of limbs, and easily to carry out.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of silencing troponin I3 (Tnni3) gene expression on biological property of rat embryonic H9C2 cardiomyocytes.@*Methods@#The rat embryonic H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and divided into 2 groups: control group transfected with negative control small interfering RNA (NC-siRNA group) and experimental group transfected with Tnni3 small interfering RNA (Tnni3-siRNA group). At 48 h, 72 h after transfection, the cells were collected, and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Tnni3 and Caspase-3, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Tnni3, Cyclin A1 and Cyclin B1.Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) apoptosis detection kit was used to analyze cell apoptosis.Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) solution and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.@*Results@#At 48 h post-transfection with Tnni3-siRNA, H9C2 cells exhibited a significant decrease in Tnni3 mRNA (0.27±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00) and protein (0.18±0.03 vs. 1.00±0.00) compared with those transfected with NC-siRNA, and the differences were statistically significant (t=25.26, 47.40, all P<0.01). Apoptotic cells were observed in the NC-siRNA group and the Tnni3-siRNA group.At 72 h post-transfection, the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in H9C2 cells transfected with Tnni3-siRNA [(11.30±1.85)% vs. (0.33±0.15)%] compared with those transfected with NC-siRNA, an increased expression of Caspase-3 mRNA was also observed in Tnni3-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells (1.39±0.13 vs. 1.00±0.00), and the differences were statistically significant (t=10.24, 5.19, all P<0.01). Compared with NC-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells, a time-dependent reduction in cell proliferation was observed in Tnni3-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells (48 h: 0.32±0.06 vs. 0.46±0.03; 72 h: 0.31±0.01 vs. 0.63±0.04; 96 h: 0.36±0.01 vs 0.75±0.04), and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.62, 13.45, 16.39, all P<0.01). At 72 h post-transfection with Tnni3-siRNA, the percentage of G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase cells was (71.25±3.82)%, (18.28±2.78)% and (9.94±1.09)%, respectively.There was a significant increase in the proportion of G2 phase cells [(9.94±1.09)% vs. (4.54±0.99)%] in H9C2 cells transfected with Tnni3-siRNA compared with those transfected with NC-siRNA, an increased expression of Cyclin A1 protein (1.89±0.09 vs.1.00±0.00) and a decreased expression of Cyclin B1 protein (0.47±0.06 vs.1.00±0.00) were observed in Tnni3-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.35, 17.12, 15.32, all P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Silencing Tnni3 gene expression in rat embryonic H9C2 cardiomyocytes can induce cell apoptosis, suppress cell proliferation, and led to G2 cell cycle arrest.
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Objective To compare the therapeutic effects between the anesthetic and non-anesthetic closed reduction protocols for distal radius fractures based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).Methods A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 186 patients with distal radius fracture who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019.The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the choice by themselves.Of them,72 (intervention group) underwent the standardized closed reduction under brachial block anesthesia based on the concept of ERAS while the other 114 (control group) conventional closed reduction under no anesthesia.The 2 groups were compared in terms of emergency reduction times,swelling scores,reoperation rate,splint removal time,functional outcomes by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and radiographic outcomes by the Lidstr(o)m criteria.Results The patients in both groups were followed up for 6 months.The reduction times were fewer in the intervention group than in the control group (1.1 ± 0.1 versus 1.6 ±0.1,P ＜ 0.05).The reoperation rate was significautly lower in the intervention group than in the control group [2.8％ (2/72) versus 12.3％ (14/114),P ＜0.05].Reduction deteriorated the swelling condition.Compared with the control group,the swelling was significantly less in the intervention group (2.0 ± 0.1 versus 2.6 ±0.1,P ＜ 0.05).The splint removal time for the intervention group (5.3 ±0.2 weeks) was significantly shorter than that for the control group (6.9 ± 0.2 weeks) (P ＜ 0.05).The intervention group had significantly better PWRE scores than the control group (23.4 ± 1.0 versus 30.3 ± 1.1,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups in the Lidstr(o)m evaluation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional closed reduction,the closed reduction under anesthesia based on the ERAS concept is an effective method for the emergency treatment of distal radius fracture,because it may minimize the patients' pain experience,increase the rate of successful reduction,decrease the rate of reoperation,shorten the splint fixation time and gain better functional outcomes.
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Objective To investigate the effect of silencing troponin Ⅰ3 (Tnni3) gene expression on biological property of rat embryonic H9C2 cardiomyocytes.Methods The rat embryonic H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and divided into 2 groups:control group transfected with negative control small interfering RNA (NC-siRNA group) and experimental group transfected with Tnni3 small interfering RNA (Tnni3-siRNA group).At 48 h,72 h after transfection,the cells were collected,and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Tnni3 and Caspase-3,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Tnni3,Cyclin A1 and Cyclin B1.Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) apoptosis detection kit was used to analyze cell apoptosis.Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) solution and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Results At 48 h post-transfection with Tnni3-siRNA,H9C2 cells exhibited a significant decrease in Tnni3 mRNA (0.27 ± 0.05 vs.1.00 ± 0.00) and protein (0.18 ± 0.03 vs.1.00 ± 0.00) compared with those transfected with NC-siRNA,and the differences were statistically significant (t =25.26,47.40,all P ＜ 0.01).Apoptotic cells were observed in the NC-siRNA group and the Tnai3-siRNA group.At 72 h post-transfection,the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in H9C2 cells transfected with Tnni3-siRNA [(11.30 ± 1.85) ％ vs.(0.33 ± 0.15) ％] compared with those transfected with NC-siRNA,an increased expression of Caspase-3 mRNA was also observed in Tnni3-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells (1.39 ±0.13 vs.1.00 ±0.00),and the differences were statistically significant (t =10.24,5.19,all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with NC-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells,a time-dependent reduction in cell proliferation was observed in Tnni3-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells (48 h:0.32 ± 0.06 vs.0.46 ± 0.03;72 h:0.31 ± 0.01 vs.0.63 ±0.04;96 h:0.36 ± 0.01 vs 0.75 ± 0.04),and the differences were statistically significant (t =3.62,13.45,16.39,all P ＜ 0.01).At 72 h post-transfection with Tnni3-siRNA,the percentage of G1 phase,S phase and G2 phase cells was (71.25 ± 3.82) ％,(18.28 ± 2.78) ％ and (9.94 ± 1.09) ％,respectively.There was a significant increase in the proportion of G2 phase cells [(9.94 ± 1.09) ％ vs.(4.54 ±0.99) ％] in H9C2 cells transfected with Tnni3-siRNA compared with those transfected with NC-siRNA,an increased expression of Cyclin A1 protein (1.89 ±0.09 vs.1.00 ±0.00) and a decreased expression of Cyclin B1 protein (0.47 ± 0.06 vs.1.00 ± 0.00) were observed in Tnni3-siRNA-transfected H9C2 cells,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (t =6.35,17.12,15.32,all P＜0.01).Conclusions Silencing Tnni3 gene expression in rat embryonic H9C2 cardiomyocytes can induce cell apoptosis,suppress cell proliferation,and led to G2 cell cycle arrest.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of CMV-IgM and CMVDNA in infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis.Methods The serum CMV virus antibodies of 122 children diagnosed of cytomegalovirus hepatitis in Liaocheng People's Hospital was detected by chemiluminescence,while using fluorescent Probe PCR assay with serum and urine CMV-DNA,The other patients from the health examination center with no infection in children were subject to control group.The differences of CMV antibody and CMV-DNA positive rate were analyzed in infant of cytomegalovirus hepatitis.The diagnostic value of single and combined CMV-IgM and CMV-DNA in infant cytomegalovirus hepatitis was compared by ROC curve.Results Compared with the control group,There were significant differences in the positive rates of CMV-IgM and CMV-DNA (P＜0.01).According to the age group,the total positive rate of 1 days to 6 months group combined with CMV-IgM and CMV-DNA in the highest;clinical features of grouping,the total positive rate of CMV-IgM and CMV-DNA the highest jaundice group,the differences were statistically significart (P ＜0.05).Through the ROC curve analysis,the curve of the joint detection of CMV-IgM and CMV-DNA in the hepatitis group was the largest,and the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were the highest,and the diagnostic value was the highest.Conclusion Combined with CMV-IgM and CMV-DNA detection in infant of cytomegalovirus hepatitis has a better diagnostic value.
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Objective:To analyze the association of the genetic variations of rs2383206 and rs2383207 in 9p21region with the coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Chinese Han population,and to explore whether chromosome 9p21 is a susceptibility region for CHD.Methods:Case-control study was conducted.A total of 580 CHD patients were selected as case group,and 539 cases of non-cardiovascular disease patients or normal people with matched age and sex were selected as control group.The rs2383206 and rs2383207 loci of the subjects were genotyped with Sequenom MassARRAY time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF).Results:The smoking,waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),hypertension,diabetes mellitus,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and total cholesterol (TC) of the subjects in two groups were statistically different (P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the ratios of patients with smoking,hypertension and diabetes mellitus of the patients in case group were increased (P＜0.05);the WHR,SBP,DBP and TC level were also increased (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2383206 between case group and control group (x2 =4.623,P＞0.05),while the genotypic distribution of rs2383207 was statistically different (x2 =8.936,P＜0.05);the distribution frequency of AA genotype in case group (8.3％) was significantly lower than that in control group (13.6％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Smoking,WHR,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,SBP,DBP and TC may be the risk factors for CHD;the AA genotype of 9p21 rs2383207 loci may be the protective genotype of CHD.
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Objective To investigate status of internet addiction and circadian typology in college students and to explore the relationship between circadian typology and internet addiction. Methods A total of 3 572 college students including freshmen and juniors was enrolled in the study. Circadian typology and internet addiction were assessed by morningness-eveningness questionnaire(MEQ) and internet addiction test (IAT) respectively. All questionnaires were self-reported. Results The score of IAT was (38. 46±11. 84) points and incidence of internet addiction was 41. 7%. Freshmen and juniors were significantly different in distribution of circadian typology and IAT scores(χ2=10. 51,P<0. 05; t=5. 90,P<0. 01). Proportion of the evening type and scores of IAT of juniors(33. 0%,(39. 66±12. 71)points) were both higher than those of freshmen(28. 3%,(37. 32±10. 82)points). For freshmen,IAT scores of evening type students((40. 79± 11. 33)points) was higher than those of intermediate type students((36. 54±10. 27)points) and morning type students((32. 27±9. 66)points),and the differences were statistically significant(F=51. 81,P<0. 01). For juniors,IAT scores of evening type students((42. 90±13. 02)points) was higher than those of intermedi-ate type students((38. 61±12. 19)points) and morning type students((34. 06±11. 92)points),and the differences were statistically significant(F=37. 80,P<0. 01). After adjusting for gender,age,grade and par-ents’ educational level by analysis of covariance,IAT scores were still statistically different in circadian ty-pology(F=93. 53,P<0. 01). Results from ordinal logistic regression showed that grade(juniors compared to freshman,OR=1. 42,P<0. 01) and circadian typology (evening type compared to morning type,OR=3. 82,P<0. 01; intermediate type compared to morning type,OR=1. 97,P<0. 01) were independent factors influen- cing internet addiction. Conclusion Internet addiction of college students is at a high level and different in grades. Compared with junior students,senior students are at a higher level of internet addiction. College students with evening type are more likely to be internet addicted.
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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the phthalate ester exposure and the population obesity with Meta-analysis, and to provide a new idea for prevention and control of obesity. Methods:A comprehensive search was performed in English databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Elsevier Science Direct and OVID) and Chinese databases (Sinomed database, CNKI database, VIP database, Wanfang database).The studies about the relationship between phthalate ester exposure and the population obesity were retriveded.The Chinese and English studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Six studies were finally obtained, involving 1259 samples.The Meta-analysis results showed that the monobutyl phthalate (MBP) level in urine of the obesity population was increased 4.1 times compared with the normal population (95%CI:1.43-6.76);while the combined effect values of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) level in serum of the population in two groups were 1.17 (95%CI:0.64-1.69), 0.80 (95%CI:0.13-1.48), and 0.72 (95%CI:-0.19-1.63);the combined effect values of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) levels in urine were 1.75 (95%CI:-0.45-3.96) and 2.75 (95%CI: 0.36-5.15);there were no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion:The elevated MBP levels in the urine may be a risk factor for obesity in the population, suggesting that MBP may contribute to obesity.
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Objective:To predict the basic physicochemical properties ,structure and function ,and linear B-cell epitopes of the capsid protein VP1 of coxsackievirus A6(CVA6).Methods: The amino acid sequence of the CVA6 VP1 was analyzed using Bioedit software and various online tools including SubLoc ,TargetP and the others from ExPASy Bioinformatics Resource Portal.Results: The CVA6 VP1 protein was a hydrophilic protein with a relative molecular weight of 33.6 kD and an isoelectric point of 7.92.This protein containsed 24 phosphorylation sites , but no signal peptide , transmembrane domains and possible fatty acylation sites.Its secondary structure was characterized by the richest random coils , and 48.52 percent of its amino acid residues exposed at the solution inter-face.Epitope prediction by Bepipred showed a number of potential B cell epitopes in the protein ,the highest antigenicity index among them located in the region of amino acids residue 155-165.Conclusion:The basic physicochemical properties ,structure and function characteristics ,and potential linear B-cell epitopes of CVA 6 VP1 were successfully predicted , which laid foundations for the further study on the protein and the preparation of vaccines and immunological diagnostic reagents for CVA 6 infection.
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Objective:To explore the effect of different separation and purification technology on the physical and chemical proper-ties of water extract of ophiopogonin. Methods:The water extraction process of total ophiopogon saponins was optimized by an orthogo-nal test. The macroporous resin adsorption and membrane separation technology were adopted to purify the ophiopogonin water extract. The physical and chemical parameters, such as electrical conductivity, pH value, viscosity and turbidity, and the contents of total sap-onins, proteins, tannins and polysaccharides were determined. Results:The optimum water extraction technology of total saponins was as follows:6-fold amount of water was added, boiling 3 times with 90 min for each time. The electrical conductivity, pH value and vis-cosity of different purified liquid of total saponins had no significant differences, while the contents of total saponins and the three kinds of macromolecules showed significant differences. Conclusion: The content of macromolecules can be used as the reference index of purification process of total saponins water extract. Compared with macroporous resin separation, membrane separation technology is more suitable for the separation and purification of total saponins water extract.
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ObjectiveTo screen hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) using FibroScan (FS). MethodsLiver biopsy was done for all the 125 patients who were admitted to our hospitals from November 2012 to November 2013, and FS was performed for the liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Using the pathological inflammation grade from liver biopsy as a classification standard and G1 group as a control, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the cut-off value was determined. Comparison of continuous data between multiple groups was made by Kruskal-Wallis H test, and comparison between two groups was made by Bonferroni test. ResultsThe LSM of HBV-infected patients with the same stage of liver fibrosis was found to increase with the progression of liver inflammation; there were significant differences in LSM between groups with different grades of inflammation in each stage of liver fibrosis (S0-S2) (P＜0.05), but no such differences were found between patients with inflammation grades G0 and G1 (P＞0.05). For≥G2 liver inflammation, the area under the ROC curve of FS was 0.784, and the cut-off value determined by the ROC curve was 8.64 kPa, with 78.6% sensitivity and 69.2% specificity. ConclusionFor HBV-infected patients with normal ALT, FS should be performed to decide whether further examination and treatment are needed. For patients with LSM≥8.64 kPa, liver biopsy should be performed; while for those with LSM ＜8.64 kPa, regular examination is recommended.
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BACKGROUND:Although there are many studies addressing osteoarthritis in China, population-based epidemiological studies of knee osteoarthritis have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore and analyze the clinical efficacy of early ladder-like treatment in knee osteoarthritis patients from Zoucheng city in the southwest of Shandong province based on an epidemiological investigation. METHODS: A total of 3 427 people randomly enroled from Zoucheng city located in the southwest of Shandong province in 2008 were taken as research objects. A self-designed epidemiological survey on knee osteoarthritis was carried out to analyze the sex, age, urban and rural distribution, and incidence of knee osteoarthritis. According to Kelgren Lawrence Grading, 208 patients with levels 0, I, II of knee osteoarthritis were randomly selected and divided into two groups: surgical treatment group was given intraarticular injection, intraarticular rinsing, arthroscopic treatment and functional exercise; oral drug group was only given oral administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood circulation drugs. Ninety-eight patients in the surgical treatment group and 87 in the oral drug group were folowed-up for over 1 year. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incidence of knee osteoarthritis showed an increasing trend with aging in Zoucheng city. There were 33.2% patients who did not receive treatment, 53.2% patients who received irregular treatment, and only 13.6 patients who could folow the doctor’s advice. The excelent rate and total effective rate were higher in the surgical treatment group (81% and 99%) than the control group (34% and 87%;P < 0.01). This epidemiological investigation exerts a certain protective role in the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis, and active early ladder-like treatment has achieved good outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis.